TARDBP and Parkinson disease: For instance, PD is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies (α-synuclein) [4], HD is an autosomal dominant ND caused by the aberrant expansion of inclusion bodies (polyQ-expanded Htt) [5], ALS and FTD are pathologically characterized by the aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) (Fig. 1) [6].