Moreover, visfatin enhanced DNA fragmentation, CASP3/7 activity, P53, CASP9, CASP8, and CASP3 expression, and the BAX/BCL2 ratio in BeWo cells, and increased CASP3 expression in normal, IUGR, PE, and GDM villous explants. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is gestational diabetes.