CSF3R and acute myeloid leukemia: Moreover, up to a quarter of ELANEmut SCN cases on long-term, high-dose G-CSF therapy develop somatic colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor–activating (CSF3R-activating) mutations preceding the onset of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (9), underscoring the need to investigate alternative combinatorial therapies that could decrease therapeutic reliance on G-CSF.