Two retrospective studies have recently assessed patterns of recurrence and subsequent treatment of patients with resected advanced melanoma who underwent 1L adjuvant targeted therapy or CPI immunotherapy.6,7 Findings from these studies, as well as several prospective trials,3,4,8 suggest that a majority of relapses on adjuvant immunotherapy occur within the first 12 months, whereas relapse is rare during the first 12 months on adjuvant BRAF-targeted therapy. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.