Growing evidence suggests that metrics combining glucose, insulin and C-peptide, including Index60 or the Diabetes Prevention Trial Risk Score (DPTRS) [8], are more sensitive to metabolic changes in early type 1 diabetes [9–11], and that relative changes (vs absolute values) of these model-derived indices of beta cell function might have better discriminatory capability [11, 12]. Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.