TNF and neoplasm: M1-type macrophages mainly secrete NO, ROS, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, L-23, and other cytokines to enhance the immune killing effect of M cells and improve antitumor immunity.[13] M2 macrophages mainly secrete a large number of pro-angiogenic factors, such as VEGF-A, epidermal growth factor, TNF-α, etc, to promote tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation and migration.[14] At the same time, it can also promote c-c motif chemokine ligand 2, IL-6, IL-10, CD16 and CD163, CD204, CD200R, and other specific cytokines.