integrated the blood levels of three immune proteins, TRAIL, CRP and IP-10, into a single score to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections in adults and found that this method had a sensitivity of 98.1%, a specificity of 88.4% and a negative predictive value of 98.8% for bacterial infections (Halabi et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL10 and bacterial infectious disease.