TNF and infection: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine of the TNF superfamily, and TRAIL is not only involved in inhibiting tumor growth, but also in neutrophil apoptosis, attenuating inflammatory responses, infection control, and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses (McGrath et al., 2011; Gyurkovska and Ivanovska, 2016; Marks et al., 2020).