CXCR4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: As cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are capable of delivering various biologically active molecules into cells, including protein, peptides, small chemo-drugs, and nucleic acid with or without targeting, we developed T22-PE24, a CXCR4-targeted self-assembling cytotoxic nanotoxin, to effectively induce HCC pyroptosis.