KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Molecular testing for biomarkers is broadly implemented in other areas of oncology, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), even though the incidence of oncogenic driver alterations is not significantly higher than in DTC; BRAF p.V600 mutations occur in 3%, Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutations in 20-30%, RET fusions in 1%, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions in <1%, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions in 3-5% of NSCLC (22).