A number of retinal LncRNAs including MALAT1, MIAT1, ANRIL, and CytB are also aberrantly expressed in diabetes, and are associated with the regulation of metabolic abnormalities implicated in the development of diabetic retinopathy including inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.20, 21, 22, 23. This evidence concerns the gene MALAT1 and diabetes mellitus.