Our data also show that upregulated LncRNAs MALAT1, NEAT1, and HOTAIR and downregulated LncMeg3 in diabetes do not benefit from hyperglycemia termination; these LncRNAs are implicated in the regulation of various abnormalities associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy including cellular antioxidant defense system, mitochondria function, inflammation, vascular permeability, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation.18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23. This evidence concerns the gene HOTAIR and diabetes mellitus.