M. morganii can be acquired by mother-infant transmission52 and are present in 2% to 3% of infants in the first weeks of life.44 Similar to colonic mucosa-associated pks+ E. coli this bacterium is prevalent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)53 patients and enriched in cancerous tissues compared with controls.36,54 IBDs, comprising mainly ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are complex disorders. This evidence concerns the gene ARAF and inflammatory bowel disease.