Significant differential expression was not seen for the zinc finger transcription factor Sall4, which has been associated with ASDs, VSDs and conduction anomalies (Kohlhase, 1993), or the angiogenic growth factor Vegfa which has been associated with AVSD (Ackerman et al., 2012; Redig et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene SALL4 and familial atrioventricular septal defect.