PIK3CA and squamous cell carcinoma: However, some studies have not found a significant correlation between PIK3CA gene mutations and these clinical characteristics, and even some studies have found that PIK3CA gene mutations are associated with well-differentiated cancer (Ye et al., 2020), microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) (Escobar et al., 2020), squamous cell carcinoma (Astaras et al., 2023), and other clinical characteristics, suggesting that PIK3CA gene mutations may be related to the benign nature and prognosis of colorectal cancer.