In PAAD, as a structural component of the extracellular matrix, X-type alpha 1 (COL10A1) expression was significantly up-regulated in PC tissues and significantly correlated with immune infiltration, and with immune checkpoints (PD-L1 and CTLA-4), whereas the lncRNA TUG1/miR-144-3p/COL10A1 axis was identified as the most promising upstream ncRNA regulatory pathway, suggesting that lncRNA TUG1/miR-144-3p may influence immune escape by targeting structural components of the extracellular matrix (63). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.