To elucidate the potential role of NFIL3/Tim3 in regulating CD4+ T cell inflammation in the lungs of COPD patients, we first accessed the single-cell sequencing dataset GSE168299 from the GEO database (23), which includes C57BL mice used to model COPD through tobacco exposure. The gene discussed is HAVCR2; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.