To elucidate the potential role of NFIL3/Tim3 in regulating CD4+ T cell inflammation in the lungs of COPD patients, we first accessed the single-cell sequencing dataset GSE168299 from the GEO database (23), which includes C57BL mice used to model COPD through tobacco exposure. This evidence concerns the gene NFIL3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.