PAX4 and Wolfram syndrome: Polymorphisms in the WFS1 gene have been associated with a rare genetic disorder called Wolfram syndrome, also known as DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness) syndrome.24 Variant rs77152992/CDKAL1 and two variants rs712701, rs772936097 located on PAX4 were also found pathogenic for T2DM in the target population.