KLK3 and prostate carcinoma: Serum PSA and free PSA levels have been shown to decrease significantly, especially after combined treatment of advanced prostate cancers with hormone and radiotherapy.15 In another study, it is suggested that urinary PSA can complement serum PSA as an auxiliary marker in detecting particularly aggressive cancer.16 The diagnosis of benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer should be clearly defined in patients referred to the urology clinic.