CD8A and cancer: In particular, α-hemolysin has been reported to stimulate CD8+ TILs and impede TNBC tumor growth.(30) Additionally, peptides from S. aureus can be presented on the surface of tumor cells in cancer patients, which has been demonstrated with activity to elicit CTLs.(48) Furthermore, S. aureus invasion could stimulate the STING signaling pathway by inducing DNA damage.(49) Future studies are needed to validate these and other crosstalk mechanisms.