Unfortunately, prior and ongoing clinical trials that sought to inhibit TGF‐β, using either small molecule inhibitors of the serine/threonine kinase domain of the TGF‐β receptor I (TGF‐βRI)19, 20, 21 or anti‐TGF‐β neutralizing mAbs, have enjoyed limited success, leading to doubts about whether TGF‐β is a useful target for cancer therapies. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.