People suffering from chronic hyperglycemia can be categorized into two broad categories: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) which is manifested by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting cells (pancreatic beta-cells), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is a consequence of beta-cell dysfunction and the development of insulin resistance, with the latter accounting for the majority (∼85%) of diabetes prevalence (6). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.