INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: These views are supported by the following findings: (i) the presence of infiltrated T cells in T1DM patient inflamed islets (insulitis) at the onset of T1DM (78); (ii) T cells obtained from within islets of T1DM donors were highly reactive to an autoantigen (preproinsulin) (79); and (iii) systemic immunomodulators targeting T cells delayed disease progression in clinical studies (80).