Concurrently, downregulation of STAT1 signaling leads to a reduction in NQO1 expression, which enhances oxidative stress and ultimately augments the cytotoxic effects of phenformin on breast cancer cells [51].Our investigation uncovered that S1PR1 enhances the binding affinity of STAT1 to the promoter regions of MIR30C1 and MIR30C2, leading to an upregulation of miR-30c-5p expression. Here, NQO1 is linked to breast cancer.