Considering that single-agent therapies for advanced cancers are rarely curative due to the rapid development of drug resistance [39], we hypothesized that a combination therapy involving OTX015 with chemotherapeutic agents, such as DDP and gemcitabine, could be a more effective strategy, as KLF16 KD significantly reduced the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DDP and gemcitabine in BLCA cells (Supplementary Fig. S7B, Fig. S8A). Here, KLF16 is linked to bladder transitional cell carcinoma.