Overall, the clinical assessment of different study groups confirmed the reported hallmarks of liver cirrhosis/carcinogenesis, including male predominance, older age, low platelet count and albumin levels, and higher INR, AFP levels, and AST/ALT ratios in both HCC and cirrhotic non-malignant patients than in non-cirrhotic patients [6–8, 38, 39]. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.