CTSB and Sepsis: The results in this study are consistent with our previous studies that showed Schistosoma japonicum-secreted cysteine protease inhibitor (rSj-Cys) and secretory/excretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms (Ts-AES) ameliorated sepsis-caused tissue pathology and damage through similar immunomodulatory mechanism targeting M1/M2 macrophage polarization [28, 59].