RPL5 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Given that MDM2 is the predominant negative regulator of FOXO3a [36] and that SPIN1 binds to and retains uL18 in the nucleolus, releasing MDM2 and restoring its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity [16], we speculated that SPIN1 might regulate the MDM2‒FOXO3a‒FOXM1 axis in NSCLC cells.