Given the elevated pro-inflammatory responses in the hippocampus and the critical roles of the TLR and NF-κB pathways in neural inflammatory regulation (Squillace and Salvemini, 2022), we hypothesized that CPGB exerts its therapeutic effects on AD in rats by modulating the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Here, TLR4 is linked to Alzheimer disease.