EGFR and cancer: In addition to cetuximab, nimotuzumab is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets the EGF receptor and can block the binding of EGFR to its two main ligands (EGF and TGF-α), inhibit EGFR phosphorylation, terminate signal transduction towards the cytoplasm, and thus inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce cancer cell apoptosis (8, 9).