MMP9 and leukemia: found that the natural agent ALCA upregulated NEDD4L (HECT-type) and caused ubiquitination of β-catenin, which activated Wnt-induced transcription of the MMP9 gene in lung adenocarcinoma cells (89). Gallic acid reduces MMP2 and MMP9 protein levels by inducing β-TrCP in human leukemia cells (90).