The muscle mass of the nonobese NAFLD group was similar to that of the non-NAFLD group, but muscle steatosis was particularly common among women. Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors contributing to increased liver fat accumulation in the nonobese NAFLD group were visceral fat area, HbA1c, myostatin, and leptin. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.