CASP3 and chronic kidney disease: Our group identify ferroptosis (↓GPX4, ↑4-HNE) as the primary form of RCD in human PTECs under hypoxic CKD conditions, with no evidence of apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), mPTP-mediated necrosis (PPIF) or necroptosis (pMLKL) (Giuliani et al., 2022).