TGFB1 and kidney disorder: Research [see (Zhao et al., 2022)] has demonstrated the existence of various symbiotic microbiota in gastrointestinal and renal diseases, including the genera Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Clostridium, Escherichia, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella. Additionally, immune factors, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), collectively mediate the inflammatory responses associated with both intestinal and renal diseases.