Results from H&E staining, W/D ratio, BCA analysis, cell counts, MPO levels, lung function, ELISA of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α indicated that both taraxerone and dexamethasone exhibit effective therapeutic effects on sepsis-induced ALI, with no significant differences observed between the two treatments (Fig. S2). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Sepsis.