For instance, Jahejo et al. (2019) identified that angiogenesis-related genes and MAPK signaling pathway genes, including RAC2, MAP3K1, PRKCB, FLNB, and IL1R1, are downregulated in thiram-induced TD, suggesting their significant role in regulating the onset of TD. This evidence concerns the gene MAP3K1 and thanatophoric dysplasia.