Similarly, we identified elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor (Igf1) in naturally sleeping APP/PS1 mice compared to WT, which is linked to pathophysiology in AD patients (Figure 5F).64 Thus, our CSF findings recapitulated some of the hallmark phenotypic characteristics of AD and sleep deprivation and suggest that these traits are exacerbated upon sleep loss in young APP/PS1 mice. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and Alzheimer disease.