These findings were further supported by histological staining in a pan-cancer cohort, whereby most tumors with high tumor-specific UBA1 expression were immune-cold with low amounts of CD8+ T cells, whereas a significant portion of low-UBA1–expressing tumors showed high levels of intratumoral CD8+ T cells (Supplementary Fig. S1H; Supplementary Table S1). This evidence concerns the gene UBA1 and neoplasm.