The activation of NF-κB generally antagonizes apoptosis,45 but it has been reported that some stimuli and agents induce cancer cell apoptosis by activating NF-κB.46,47 Whether the activation of NF-κB antagonizes or promotes apoptosis has been shown to depend on the type of stimuli.48 Microtubule-targeting agents have been suggested to belong to the latter group,24,29–31 and our results showing that GNA caused inhibition of tubulin polymerization and NF-κB activation, which led to cell apoptosis, coincide with that notion. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is cancer.