Aberrant BDNF signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) contributes to the long-lasting structural changes seen in alcohol use disorder (Bramham, 2008; Poo, 2001); the inhibition of BDNF expression in the mPFC increased alcohol self-administration, and an increase in BDNF expression decreased alcohol self-administration. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and alcohol abuse.