In addition, the role of Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1- nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2/ antioxidant response element (Keap1-Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway activation on the antioxidant stress in SKNMCs was explored in depth to determine the underlying mechanism of catalpol in preventing the pathogenesis and progress of late-onset AD (30). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.