In the lowest calcium intake group (Q1), participants were older with an average age of 56.3 years, and had higher proportions of females, current smokers, and prevalence of CVD and CKD, along with lower levels of education and optimal physical activity; moreover, this group had lower waist circumference, albumin levels, dietary energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fiber levels, and higher C-reactive protein levels (all p < 0.05). Here, CRP is linked to chronic kidney disease.