sakei NBRC15893 stimulated the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) from murine intestinal Peyer’s patch cells via TLR2 signaling activation.119,139 EVs from Lactobacillus murinus activated TLR2 to promote polarization of M2 macrophages and release IL-10, thereby alleviating deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal barrier damage.110 Some LAB derived EVs also showed potential inhibitory effect on colon cancer growth.140,141 These EVs are internalized by colon cancer cells and significantly inhibit their proliferation, migration, and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. Here, TLR2 is linked to colonic neoplasm.