PTEN and cancer: Among the molecular factors that mediate metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells are oncogenes, e.g., KRAS, MYC, NKX2-1 [37–39], loss-of-function of tumor suppressors, e.g., TP53, PTEN, STK11/LKB1 [40–44], but also hypoxia-induced factors (HIFs), along with signaling pathways and transcriptional networks, e.g. PI3K/mTOR pathway [45–49].