After 10 days of engraftment of human AML cells (Table S1, AML 182 and 185), NOD/SCID/γc−/− mice expressing human IL-3, GM-CSF (CSF2), and SCF (KITLG) (NSG-S) were randomized to treatment with vehicle (Veh) or rh-IL-21 (20 μg, 5 days on and 2 days off). Here, CSF2 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.