(22) found that serum VCAM-1, MCP-1, and ADMA levels were elevated in RA-ILD patients compared to those with RA and IPF, suggesting these biomarkers as useful tools for identifying ILD in RA patients and differentiating RA-ILD from IPF, aiding in the early diagnosis of RA-ILD. Here, CCL2 is linked to interstitial lung disease.