CXCR4 is a known regulator of MMP-9 (49), and Mw treatment induced a significant and dose-dependent decrease in CXCR4 expression in B16F10 melanoma cells (50); thus Mw may be altering MMP-9 through CXCR4 and/or COX-2 signaling. This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and melanoma.