HMGB1 and acute kidney injury: Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the HMGB1 levels at 12 hours post-injury was significantly correlated with several AKI parameters, including BUN (r=0.61 p<0.01), creatinine (r=0.60, p<0.01), and myoglobin (r=0.58, p<0.01), thus indicating HMGB1 elevation correlates to clinical outcome metrics of AKI in animals subjected to smoke inhalation and burn injury (Figure 5).