By modulating different pathways in macrophages, small molecules such as dimethyl malonate, TEPP‐46 (PKM2 activator), rapamycin, 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose, dimethyl fumarate and hyaluronic acid all promote M2 macrophage development while inhibiting M1 macrophage differentiation,159 which is likely responsible for the potent results when used in models of inflammatory disease, including AAA. The gene discussed is PKM; the disease is triple-A syndrome.