GSVA analyses of 10 tumor activation-related pathways further demonstrated that cells from cluster 0 were enriched in 8 pathways including the cell cycle, Wnt, Hippo, and TGF-β pathways, whereas cluster 1 cells were enriched in the PI3K and TP53 pathways, and cluster 2 cells were enriched in the Wnt, Hippo, Notch, and TEG-β pathways, albeit with weak expression (Figure 3E). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.