Mutations of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) or Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) lead to an activated KEAP1/NFE2L2 pathway in NSCLC, resulting in a discrete tumor phenotype with poor overall outcome and relative resistance to chemotherapy1,2. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.