The development of HPV vaccinations for patients with established CIN2/3 and invasive cervical cancer has been the focus of ongoing research efforts; for patients with HPV16-associated CIN2/3, a study by Alvarez et al. showed the viability, safety, and possible therapeutic efficacy of pNGVL4a-CRT/E7(detox), a new DNA vaccine made of a pNGVL4a plasmid vector harboring a mutant version of the HPV16 E7 antigen linked to calreticulin (CRT) [165]. Here, CALR is linked to cervical carcinoma.