Interestingly, comparing the effects of different exercise modalities, including aerobic, resistance, combination, and HIIT, on DKD, it was found that they can improve microvascular vasodilation in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with aerobic and combination exercise having the most significant improvement on endothelial function (118); HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise can significantly enhance activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulatory axis, with the latter having a more pronounced effect (152). Here, REN is linked to diabetic kidney disease.